139 lines
10 KiB
Markdown
139 lines
10 KiB
Markdown
---
|
||
slug: TEX語法小記
|
||
title: TEX語法小記
|
||
description:
|
||
toc: true
|
||
authors:
|
||
- awin
|
||
tags:
|
||
- tex
|
||
categories:
|
||
- Text Editor
|
||
series:
|
||
- Software note
|
||
date: 2019-12-09T00:00:00
|
||
lastmod: 2019-12-09T00:00:00
|
||
featuredVideo:
|
||
featuredImage:
|
||
draft: false
|
||
enableComment: true
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
最近需要在[notion.so](https://www.notion.so/)記一些公式，所以記錄一下TEX的寫法以供日後查詢。
|
||
|
||
<!--more-->
|
||
|
||
notion有支援TEX，但是只能是一個段落，不能寫在行內，不過看notion的blog有說不久的將來會新增，這點可以期待一下。
|
||
方法很簡單，使用`/math`就可以建立一個section。唯一要注意的是不需要輸入TEX開頭與結尾的`$$`符號（或是`\(`與`\)`符號）。
|
||
以下記錄一些我有用到的。
|
||
|
||
## **上標、下標**
|
||
|
||
上標用`a^b`就是$a^b$，但是如果上標的字元不只一個字，就必須用`{}`包起來，例如：`a^{b+c}`才會是$a^{b+c}$，如果直接寫 `a^b+c`會變成$a^b+c$。
|
||
下標則是`X_i`，跟上標一樣，如果下標字元不只一個字，也要用`{}`包起來，例如：`X_{i+1}`就是 $Xi+1$。
|
||
|
||
## **除法**
|
||
|
||
`\frac{a-b}{c}` → $\frac{a-b}{c}$
|
||
|
||
## **開根號**
|
||
|
||
`\sqrt{a+b+c}` → $\sqrt{a+b+c}$
|
||
|
||
## **加總**
|
||
|
||
`\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} 2^{-n} = 1` → $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} 2^{-n} = 1$
|
||
|
||
## **希臘字母**
|
||
|
||
| | | | | |
|
||
|:-------------------|:---------------|:-----------------|:---------------|:----------------|
|
||
| α → `\alpha` | β → `\beta` | γ → `\gamma` | δ → `\delta` |ϵ → `\epsilon` |
|
||
| ε → `\varepsilon` | ζ → `\zeta` | η → `\eta` | θ → `\theta` |ϑ → `\vartheta` |
|
||
| ι → `\iota` | κ → `\kappa` | λ → `\lambda` | μ → `\mu` |ν → `\nu` |
|
||
| ξ → `\xi` | o → `o` | π → `\pi` | ϖ → `\varpi` | ρ → `\rho` |
|
||
| ϱ → `\varrho` | σ → `\sigma` | ς → `\varsigma` | τ → `\tau` | υ → `\upsilon` |
|
||
| ϕ → `\phi` | φ → `\varphi` | χ → `\chi` | ψ → `\psi` | ω → `\omega` |
|
||
| Γ → `\Gamma` | Δ → `\Delta` | Θ → `\Theta` | Λ → `\Lambda` | Ξ → `\Xi` |
|
||
| Π → `\Pi` | Σ → `\Sigma` | Υ → `\Upsilon` | Φ → `\Phi` | Ψ → `\Psi` |
|
||
| Ω → `\Omega` |
|
||
|
||
## **運算元**
|
||
|
||
| | | | | |
|
||
|:-------------------------|:-----------------------|:-----------------|:-----------------------|:----------------------|
|
||
| ± → `\pm` | ∩ → `\cap` | ⋄ → `\diamond` | ⊕ → `\oplus` | ∓ → `\mp` |
|
||
| ∪ → `\cup` | △ → `\bigtriangleup` | ⊖ → `\ominus` | × → `\times` | ⊎ → `\uplus` |
|
||
| ▽ → `\bigtriangledown` | ⊗ → `\otimes` | ÷ → `\div` | ⊓ → `\sqcap` | ◃ → `\triangleleft` |
|
||
| ⊘ → `\oslash` | ∗ → `\ast` | ⊔ → `\sqcup` | ▹ → `\triangleright` | ⊙ → `\odot` |
|
||
| ⋆ → `\star` | ∨ → `\vee` | ◯ → `\bigcirc` | ∘ → `\circ` | ∧ → `\wedge` |
|
||
| † → `\dagger` | ∙ → `\bullet` | ∖ → `\setminus` | ‡ → `\ddagger` | ⋅ → `\cdot` |
|
||
| ≀ → `\wr` | ⨿ → `\amalg`
|
||
|
||
## **箭頭符號**
|
||
|
||
| | | | | |
|
||
|:---------------------------------------------|:-----------------------------------------------|:-----------------------------------------|:-----------------------------------------------|:-------------------------------------|
|
||
| $\leftarrow$ → `\leftarrow` | $\longleftarrow$ → `\longleftarrow` | $\uparrow$ → `\uparrow` | $\Leftarrow$ → `\Leftarrow` | $\Longleftarrow$ → `\Longleftarrow` |
|
||
| $\Uparrow$ → `\Uparrow` | $\rightarrow$ → `\rightarrow` | $\longrightarrow$ → `\longrightarrow` | $\downarrow$ → `\downarrow` | $\Rightarrow$ → `\Rightarrow` |
|
||
| $\Longrightarrow$ → `\Longrightarrow` | $\Downarrow$ → `\Downarrow` | $\leftrightarrow$ → `\leftrightarrow` | $\longleftrightarrow$ → `\longleftrightarrow` | $\updownarrow$ → `\updownarrow` |
|
||
| $\Leftrightarrow$ → `\Leftrightarrow` | $\Longleftrightarrow$ → `\Longleftrightarrow` | $\Updownarrow$ → `\Updownarrow` | $\mapsto$ → `\mapsto` | $\longmapsto$ → `\longmapsto` |
|
||
| $\nearrow$ → `\nearrow` | $\hookleftarrow$ → `\hookleftarrow` | $\hookrightarrow$ → `\hookrightarrow` | $\searrow$ → `\searrow` | $\leftharpoonup$ → `\leftharpoonup` |
|
||
| $\rightharpoonup$ → `\rightharpoonup` | $\swarrow$ → `\swarrow` | $\leftharpoondown$ → `\leftharpoondown` | $\rightharpoondown$ → `\rightharpoondown` | $\nwarrow$ → `\nwarrow` |
|
||
| $\rightleftharpoons$ → `\rightleftharpoons` | $\iff$ → `\iff` |
|
||
|
||
## **其他符號**
|
||
|
||
| | | | | |
|
||
|:-------------------------------|:-------------------------------|:---------------------------------|:---------------------------------|:-------------------------------|
|
||
| $\leq,\le$ → `\leq,\le` | $\geq,\ge$ → `\geq,\ge` | $\equiv$ → `\equiv` | $\models$ → `\models` | $\prec$ → `\prec` |
|
||
| $\succ$ → `\succ` | $\sim$ → `\sim` | $\perp$ → `\perp` | $\preceq$ → `\preceq` | $\succeq$ → `\succeq` |
|
||
| $\simeq$ → `\simeq` | $\mid$ → `\mid` | $\ll$ → `\ll` | $\gg$ → `\gg` | $\asymp$ → `\asymp` |
|
||
| $\parallel$ → `\parallel` | $\subset$ → `\subset` | $\supset$ → `\supset` | $\approx$ → `\approx` | $\bowtie$ → `\bowtie` |
|
||
| $\subseteq$ → `\subseteq` | $\supseteq$ → `\supseteq` | $\cong$ → `\cong` | $\neq$ → `\neq` | $smile$ → `smile` |
|
||
| $\sqsubseteq$ → `\sqsubseteq` | $\sqsupseteq$ → `\sqsupseteq` | $\doteq$ → `\doteq` | $frown$ → `frown` | $\in$ → `\in` |
|
||
| $\ni$ → `\ni` | $\propto$ → `\propto` | $=$ → `=` | $\vdash$ → `\vdash`| $\dashv$ → `\dashv` | $]$ → `]` |
|
||
| $<$ → `<` | $>$ → `>` | $:$ → `:` | $\notin$ → `\notin` | $\sum$ → `\sum` | $[$ → `[` |
|
||
| $\prod$ → `\prod` | $\coprod$ → `\coprod` | $\int$ → `\int` | $\oint$ → `\oint` | $\bigcap$ → `\bigcap` |
|
||
| $\bigcup$ → `\bigcup` | $\bigsqcup$ → `\bigsqcup` | $\bigvee$ → `\bigvee` | $\bigwedge$ → `\bigwedge` | $\bigodot$ → `\bigodot` |
|
||
| $\bigotimes$ → `\bigotimes` | $\bigoplus$ → `\bigoplus` | $\biguplus$ → `\biguplus` | $\uparrow$ → `\uparrow` | $\Uparrow$ → `\Uparrow` |
|
||
| $\downarrow$ → `\downarrow` | $\Downarrow$ → `\Downarrow` | $\updownarrow$ → `\updownarrow` | $\Updownarrow$ → `\Updownarrow` | $\lfloor$ → `\lfloor` |
|
||
| $\rfloor$ → `\rfloor` | $\lceil$ → `\lceil` | $\rceil$ → `\rceil` | $\langle$ → `\langle` | $\rangle$ → `\rangle` |
|
||
| $/$ → `/` | $\backslash$ → `\backslash` | $\vert$ → `\vert` | $\Vert$ → `\Vert` | $\rmoustache$ → `\rmoustache` |
|
||
| $\lmoustache$ → `\lmoustache` | $\rgroup$ → `\rgroup` | $\lgroup$ → `\lgroup` | $\arrowvert$ → `\arrowvert` | $\Arrowvert$ → `\Arrowvert` |
|
||
| $\bracevert$ → `\bracevert` | $\mid$ → `\mid` | $($ → `(` | $)$ → `)` |
|
||
|
||
## **字母字型**
|
||
|
||
| | | | | |
|
||
|:-------------------------------------------|:-------------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------- |
|
||
| $\mathrm{ABCDabcd}$ → `\mathrm{ABCDabcd}` | $\mathit{ABCDabcd}$ → `\mathit{ABCDabcd}` | $\mathcal{ABCDabcd}$ → `\mathcal{ABCDabcd}` | $\mathscr{ABCDabcd}$ → `\mathscr{ABCDabcd}` | $\mathfrak{ABCDabcd}$ → `\mathfrak{ABCDabcd}` |
|
||
| $\mathbb{ABCDabcd}$ → `\mathbb{ABCDabcd}` |
|
||
|
||
## **括號的大小**
|
||
|
||
`((x))`可以產生$((x))$，但如果要讓外圍的括號放大，就必須把外圍的括號加上`\big`才行。
|
||
例如：`\big((x)\big)`表示$\big((x)\big)$
|
||
由小到大可用的分別是`\big`、`\Big`、`\bigg`、`\Bigg`
|
||
例如： `\Bigg(\bigg(\Big(\big((a+b)+c\big)+d\Big)+e\bigg)+f\Bigg)`表示$\Bigg(\bigg(\Big(\big((a+b)+c\big)+d\Big)+e\bigg)+f\Bigg)$
|
||
|
||
## **矩陣**
|
||
用`\begin{bmatrix}`與`\end{bmatrix}`包起來，其中的行列用`\\`來換行。<br>
|
||
`\begin{bmatrix}a & b & c\\d & e & f\end{bmatrix}`表示$\\begin{bmatrix}a & b & c\\\\d & e & f\\end{bmatrix}$<br>
|
||
或用pmatrix來產生括弧的矩陣：
|
||
`\begin{pmatrix}a & b & c\\d & e & f\end{pmatrix}`表示$\\begin{pmatrix}a & b & c\\\\d & e & f\\end{pmatrix}$
|
||
|
||
## **對齊**
|
||
使用`\begin{align}`與`\end{align}`，其中上下行需要對齊的字元後面加上`&`。
|
||
`\begin{align}y=a&+b+c+\\d&+e+f\end{align}`表示
|
||
|
||
\\[
|
||
\\begin{align}y=a&+b+c+\\\\d&+e+f\\end{align}
|
||
\\]
|
||
|
||
由於是`a&`與`d&`，可以看到a與d對齊了。
|
||
|
||
## **參考**
|
||
- [LaTeX for Beginners](http://www.docs.is.ed.ac.uk/skills/documents/3722/3722-2014.pdf)
|
||
- [LaTeX/Mathematics](https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Mathematics)
|