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02. PARA/03. Resources(資源)/C++17/lambda.md
2022-06-13 17:34:14 +08:00

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---
tags:
aliases:
date: 2022-06-12
time: 18:21:42
description:
---
一個簡單的 Lamdba 運算式:
```cpp
[] (int x, int y) -> bool {
return x < y;
}
```
- 以中括號開頭,中括號被稱為*lamdba 導入器lamdba introducer*
- 小括號裡面是*lamdba 參數列表lambda parameter list*
- 如果沒有參數,小括號可以省略,`[] () {...}` 可以簡寫成 `[] {...}`
- 箭號(`->`)後面是回傳的型別,如果沒寫就由 `return` 自動推斷
將 Lamdba 運算式指定給變數:
```cpp
auto comapre = [] (int x, int y) -> bool {
return x < y;
};
```
## Lamdba的擷取子句
以中括號開頭的 *lamdba 導入器*可以將外部的變數傳給 Lamdba 運算式正式名稱是「擷取子句capture clause」。
`[=]` 表示它們會以值擷取captured by value。Scope內的變數都可以在
`[&]` 表示它們會以址擷取captured by reference
### 以值擷取captured by value
假設有一段程式如下:
```cpp
void testLambda() {
float notUsed = 1.0f;
std::vector<int32_t> numlist{10, 20, 30, 50, 60};
auto findInRange = [=](int32_t start, int32_t end) {
for (auto num : numlist) {
if (num >= start && num <= end) return true;
}
return false;
};
std::cout << "Result: " << findInRange(25, 35) << "\n";
}
```
`[=]`可以用來擷取 lamdba scope範圍所及的變數沒有在 Lamdba 運算式裡面被用到的變數就不會被擷取,例如 `float notUsed = 1.0f;`
另一個重點是:**被擷取的變數是不可以更改的**。例如不能在lamdba裡面這樣寫
```cpp
auto findInRange = [=](int32_t start, int32_t end) {
numlist.push_back(5); // ERROR!
for (auto num : numlist) {
if (num >= start && num <= end) return true;
}
return false;
};
```
如果一定要在 lambda內改變擷取的變數那必須指名 lambda 為 `mutable`
```cpp
auto findInRange = [=](int32_t start, int32_t end) mutable { // <-- assign mutable
numlist.push_back(5);
for (auto num : numlist) {
if (num >= start && num <= end) return true;
}
return false;
};
```
####
### 以址擷取captured by reference