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36
05. 資料收集/軟體工具、設定/git/apply.md
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05. 資料收集/軟體工具、設定/git/apply.md
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## apply
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`git diff` 生出一個 diff 檔,而 `git apply` 把這個 diff 檔 apply 到某個 branch 上。
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```
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git diff ${A_COMMIT_HASH} ${B_COMMIT_HASH} > xxx.patch
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git apply xxx.patch
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```
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- 如果在 `git apply` 的過程中遇到 trailing whitespace error 的話,可以參考這篇文章:[git - My diff contains trailing whitespace - how to get rid of it? - Stack Overflow](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/14509950/my-diff-contains-trailing-whitespace-how-to-get-rid-of-it),透過加入 `--whitespace=warn` 或 `--whitespace=nowarn` 參數來解決。
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- [^1]
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[^1]: [(2018 iThome 鐵人賽) Day 11: 使用 Git 時如何做出跨 repo 的 cherry-pick - iT 邦幫忙::一起幫忙解決難題,拯救 IT 人的一天](https://ithelp.ithome.com.tw/articles/10194972)
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### Trouble shooting
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- 如果在Windows上git clone遇到,例如:`error: invalid path`、`fatal: unable to checkout working tree`
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```
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$ gclogi git@github.com-logi:LogiVideoFW/VC_Bolide_TableHub.git
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Cloning into 'VC_Bolide_TableHub'...
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remote: Enumerating objects: 159, done.
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remote: Counting objects: 100% (159/159), done.
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remote: Compressing objects: 100% (134/134), done.
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remote: Total 85001 (delta 71), reused 84 (delta 21), pack-reused 84842
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Receiving objects: 100% (85001/85001), 599.21 MiB | 6.18 MiB/s, done.
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Resolving deltas: 100% (17824/17824), done.
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error: invalid path 'zynqLNX/kernel-source/drivers/gpu/drm/nouveau/nvkm/subdev/i2c/aux.c'
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fatal: unable to checkout working tree
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warning: Clone succeeded, but checkout failed.
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You can inspect what was checked out with 'git status'
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and retry with 'git restore --source=HEAD :/'
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```
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有可能是因為檔名與NTFS規則有所衝突,解法:
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```
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cd <REPO_NAME>
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git config core.protectNTFS false; git reset --hard HEAD
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```
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05. 資料收集/軟體工具、設定/git/submodule.md
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05. 資料收集/軟體工具、設定/git/submodule.md
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## 建立 Git Submodule
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```
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git submodule add <repository> [<local_path>]
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```
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新增之後,用 git status 會發現多了兩個東西需要 commit:
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![[20220608152709_git_submodule.png|450]]
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第一個檔案 .gitmodules,裡面紀錄 submodule 的對應關係,內容大概像這樣:
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```
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[submodule "RobotRunQA"]
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path = RobotRunQA
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url = git@github.com-logi:JuiwenHsu/RobotRunQA.git
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```
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接下來剩3個步驟:
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1. 提交 `.gitmodule`:`git add .gitmodule ; git push origin master`
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2. 跟git說我們有新增一個submodule:`git submodule init`
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3. 把submodule pull下來:`git submodule update`
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## Clone repository and submodule
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當clone一個有submodule的repo的時候,我們還需要 `git submodule init` 跟 `git submodule update` ,例如:
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```
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git clone https://xxx/xxx.git
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cd xxx
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git submodule init
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git submodule update
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```
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05. 資料收集/軟體工具、設定/git/tag.md
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05. 資料收集/軟體工具、設定/git/tag.md
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## 列出你的標籤
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```
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$ git tag
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v0.1
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v1.3
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```
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## 建立新的標籤
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```console
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$ git tag -a v1.4 -m "my version 1.4"
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$ git tag
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v0.1
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v1.3
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v1.4
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```
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## 輕量級標籤
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如果想要建立一個輕量級的標籤,不要指定 `-a`、`-s` 或 `-m` 的選項如下:
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```console
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$ git tag v1.4-lw
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$ git tag
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v0.1
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v1.3
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v1.4
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v1.4-lw
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v1.5
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```
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## 分享標籤
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`git push` 指令預設不會傳送標籤到遠端伺服器。 在你建立標籤後,你必須明確的要求 Git 將標籤推送到共用的伺服器上面。 這個動作就像是在分享遠端分支一樣——你可以執行 `git push origin [tagname]`。
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```console
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$ git push origin v1.5
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Counting objects: 14, done.
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Delta compression using up to 8 threads.
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Compressing objects: 100% (12/12), done.
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Writing objects: 100% (14/14), 2.05 KiB | 0 bytes/s, done.
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Total 14 (delta 3), reused 0 (delta 0)
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To git@github.com:schacon/simplegit.git
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* [new tag] v1.5 -> v1.5
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```
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如果想要一次推送很多標籤,也可以在使用 `git push` 指令的時候加上 `--tags` 選項。 這將會把你所有不在伺服器上面的標籤傳送給遠端伺服器。
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```console
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$ git push origin --tags
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Counting objects: 1, done.
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Writing objects: 100% (1/1), 160 bytes | 0 bytes/s, done.
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Total 1 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
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To git@github.com:schacon/simplegit.git
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* [new tag] v1.4 -> v1.4
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* [new tag] v1.4-lw -> v1.4-lw
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```
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## 檢出標籤
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在 Git 中你不能真的檢出一個標籤,因為它們並不能像分支一樣四處移動。 如果你希望工作目錄和版本庫中特定的標籤版本完全一樣,你可以使用 `git checkout -b [branchname] [tagname]` 在該標籤上建立一個新分支:
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```console
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$ git checkout -b version2 v2.0.0
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Switched to a new branch 'version2'
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```
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當然,如果在建立新分支以後又進行了一次提交,`version2` 分支將會和 `v2.0.0` 標籤有所差異,因為這個分支已經因為你的提交而改變了,請特別小心。
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