vault backup: 2022-06-09 14:20:26
Affected files: 02. PARA/03. Resources(資源)/C++17/rvalue.md
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@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ int& c = r;
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了解rvalue reference之後,就可以實作類別的 move constructor 跟move assignment operator。
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## Move assignment operator
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## Move constructor
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假設我們有一個class叫BigBuffer,定義如下:
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```cpp
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class BigBuffer {
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@@ -82,34 +82,32 @@ BigBuffer buf2 = buf1;
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執行訊息:
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```
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BigBuffer constructor
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BigBuffer copy constructor, copy 104857600Bytes
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BigBuffer destructor
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BigBuffer destructor
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BigBuffer constructor // create buf1
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BigBuffer copy constructor, copy 104857600Bytes // copy buf1 to buf2
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...
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```
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這會先產生buf1,然後把buf1 copy給buf2。如果我們想要省下copy的成本,這時候 Move assignment operator(就是 `=`)就可以派上用場了。
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幫 BigBuffer 加一個 Move assignment operator:
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這會先產生buf1,然後把buf1 copy給buf2。如果我們想要省下copy的成本,這時候 Move constructor 就可以派上用場了。
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幫 BigBuffer 加一個 Move constructor:
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```cpp
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class BigBuffer {
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public:
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...
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BigBuffer& operator=(BigBuffer&& src) noexcept {
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std::cout << "BigBuffer move operator\n";
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BigBuffer(BigBuffer&& src) noexcept {
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std::cout << "BigBuffer move constructor\n";
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bufferSize = src.bufferSize;
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buffer = std::move(src.buffer);
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src.buffer.reset();
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src.bufferSize = 0;
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return *this;
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}
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...
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```
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這個 Move assignment operator 的參數就是一個 rvalue reference,我們把來源的 bufferSize 跟 buffer指標「移到」我們這邊,而不是完整的複製一份。在轉移之後呢,當然也要把來源清空,讓轉移更加明確。
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這個 move constructor 的參數就是一個 rvalue reference,我們把來源的 bufferSize 跟 buffer指標「移到」我們這邊,而不是完整的複製一份。在轉移之後呢,當然也要把來源清空,讓轉移更加明確。
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有了 Move assignment operator 之後,在執行一次原本的程式,你會發現訊息......沒有變,還是一樣呼叫 copy assignment operator 來複製了100MB的buffer,這時我們需要明確的告訴 compiler 我們要「移動」物件,而不是複製它,把原本的程式改為:
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有了 Move assignment operator 之後,在執行一次原本的程式,你會發現訊息......沒有變,還是一樣呼叫 copy constructor 來複製了100MB的buffer,這時我們需要明確的告訴 compiler 我們要「移動」物件,而不是複製它,把原本的程式改為:
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```cpp
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BigBuffer buf1;
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// Do something with buf1
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@@ -119,6 +117,35 @@ BigBuffer buf2 = std::move(buf1);
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我們用 `std::move()` 來「移動」物件,這時輸出變成
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```
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BigBuffer constructor // create buf1
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BigBuffer move constructor // move buf1 to buf2, buf1 has nullptr now
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...
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```
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另外一個情形也可以受益於此,假如我們有個function會產生 BigBuffer,如下:
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```cpp
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BigBuffer BigBufferCreator() {
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std::cout << "BigBufferCreator: Create a BigBuffer!\n";
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BigBuffer tempb;
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// do something
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std::cout << "BigBufferCreator: return\n";
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return tempb;
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}
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BigBuffer b = BigBufferCreator(); // copy tempb to b
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```
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在沒有Move constructor的情況下,上面的程式會先產生一個 tempb,然後複製給 b,訊息:
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```
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BigBufferCreator: Create a BigBuffer!
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BigBuffer constructor
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BigBufferCreator: return
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BigBuffer copy constructor, copy 104857600Bytes
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...
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```
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在有Move constructor的情況下,訊息就變成:
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```
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```
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